建站
咨詢
售后
建站咨詢
新聞中心
用java代碼發(fā)生請(qǐng)求https，發(fā)生異常！
因?yàn)槟愕漠惓２皇悄鼙囟◤?fù)現(xiàn)的,有時(shí)發(fā)生,又有時(shí)不發(fā)生,那么只能初步的認(rèn)為是網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接不穩(wěn)定造成的
創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)專注為客戶提供全方位的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)綜合服務(wù)，包含不限于做網(wǎng)站、網(wǎng)站制作、黃南州網(wǎng)絡(luò)推廣、小程序定制開發(fā)、黃南州網(wǎng)絡(luò)營銷、黃南州企業(yè)策劃、黃南州品牌公關(guān)、搜索引擎seo、人物專訪、企業(yè)宣傳片、企業(yè)代運(yùn)營等，從售前售中售后，我們都將竭誠為您服務(wù)，您的肯定，是我們最大的嘉獎(jiǎng)；創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)為所有大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)者提供黃南州建站搭建服務(wù)，24小時(shí)服務(wù)熱線：13518219792，官方網(wǎng)址：www.cdcxhl.com
如果想徹底查清問題所在,只能通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)抓包工具,在復(fù)現(xiàn)問題時(shí)查看網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信包,看看到底是網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接報(bào)的錯(cuò)誤還是代碼邏輯報(bào)的錯(cuò)誤
另外,Remote host closed connection during handshake這個(gè)異常在客戶端/服務(wù)端的TLS版本不一致時(shí)也會(huì)拋出,你可以嘗試在發(fā)送請(qǐng)求前在代碼中設(shè)置TLS版本和服務(wù)端一致后在發(fā)送請(qǐng)求,相關(guān)問題和解決方案stackoverflow上能查到很多
如何在java中發(fā)起http和https請(qǐng)求
1.寫http請(qǐng)求方法
[java] view plain copy
//處理http請(qǐng)求 requestUrl為請(qǐng)求地址 requestMethod請(qǐng)求方式，值為"GET"或"POST"
public static String httpRequest(String requestUrl,String requestMethod,String outputStr){
StringBuffer buffer=null;
try{
URL url=new URL(requestUrl);
HttpURLConnection conn=(HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
conn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
conn.connect();
//往服務(wù)器端寫內(nèi)容 也就是發(fā)起http請(qǐng)求需要帶的參數(shù)
if(null!=outputStr){
OutputStream os=conn.getOutputStream();
os.write(outputStr.getBytes("utf-8"));
os.close();
}
//讀取服務(wù)器端返回的內(nèi)容
InputStream is=conn.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader isr=new InputStreamReader(is,"utf-8");
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(isr);
buffer=new StringBuffer();
String line=null;
while((line=br.readLine())!=null){
buffer.append(line);
}
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
return buffer.toString();
}
2.測(cè)試。
[java] view plain copy
public static void main(String[] args){
String s=httpRequest("","GET",null);
System.out.println(s);
}
輸出結(jié)果為的源代碼，說明請(qǐng)求成功。
注：1).第一個(gè)參數(shù)url需要寫全地址，即前邊的http必須寫上，不能只寫這樣的。
2).第二個(gè)參數(shù)是請(qǐng)求方式，一般接口調(diào)用會(huì)給出URL和請(qǐng)求方式說明。
3).第三個(gè)參數(shù)是我們?cè)诎l(fā)起請(qǐng)求的時(shí)候傳遞參數(shù)到所要請(qǐng)求的服務(wù)器，要傳遞的參數(shù)也要看接口文檔確定格式，一般是封裝成json或xml.
4).返回內(nèi)容是String類，但是一般是有格式的json或者xml。
二：發(fā)起https請(qǐng)求。
1.https是對(duì)鏈接加了安全證書SSL的，如果服務(wù)器中沒有相關(guān)鏈接的SSL證書，它就不能夠信任那個(gè)鏈接，也就不會(huì)訪問到了。所以我們第一步是自定義一個(gè)信任管理器。自要實(shí)現(xiàn)自帶的X509TrustManager接口就可以了。
[java] view plain copy
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
public class MyX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
throws CertificateException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
throws CertificateException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
}
注：1)需要的包都是java自帶的，所以不用引入額外的包。
2.)可以看到里面的方法都是空的，當(dāng)方法為空是默認(rèn)為所有的鏈接都為安全，也就是所有的鏈接都能夠訪問到。當(dāng)然這樣有一定的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，可以根據(jù)實(shí)際需要寫入內(nèi)容。
2.編寫https請(qǐng)求方法。
[java] view plain copy
/*
* 處理https GET/POST請(qǐng)求
* 請(qǐng)求地址、請(qǐng)求方法、參數(shù)
* */
public static String httpsRequest(String requestUrl,String requestMethod,String outputStr){
StringBuffer buffer=null;
try{
//創(chuàng)建SSLContext
SSLContext sslContext=SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");
TrustManager[] tm={new MyX509TrustManager()};
//初始化
sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());;
//獲取SSLSocketFactory對(duì)象
SSLSocketFactory ssf=sslContext.getSocketFactory();
URL url=new URL(requestUrl);
HttpsURLConnection conn=(HttpsURLConnection)url.openConnection();
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
conn.setUseCaches(false);
conn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
//設(shè)置當(dāng)前實(shí)例使用的SSLSoctetFactory
conn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);
conn.connect();
//往服務(wù)器端寫內(nèi)容
if(null!=outputStr){
OutputStream os=conn.getOutputStream();
os.write(outputStr.getBytes("utf-8"));
os.close();
}
//讀取服務(wù)器端返回的內(nèi)容
InputStream is=conn.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader isr=new InputStreamReader(is,"utf-8");
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(isr);
buffer=new StringBuffer();
String line=null;
while((line=br.readLine())!=null){
buffer.append(line);
}
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
return buffer.toString();
}
可見和http訪問的方法類似，只是多了SSL的相關(guān)處理。
3.測(cè)試。先用http請(qǐng)求的方法訪問，再用https的請(qǐng)求方法訪問，進(jìn)行對(duì)比。
http訪問：
[java] view plain copy
public static void main(String[] args){
String s=httpRequest("","GET",null);
System.out.println(s);
}
結(jié)果為：
https訪問：
[java] view plain copy
public static void main(String[] args){
String s=httpsRequest("","GET",null);
System.out.println(s);
}
結(jié)果為：
可見https的鏈接一定要進(jìn)行SSL的驗(yàn)證或者過濾之后才能夠訪問。
三：https的另一種訪問方式——導(dǎo)入服務(wù)端的安全證書。
1.下載需要訪問的鏈接所需要的安全證書。 以這個(gè)網(wǎng)址為例。
1）在瀏覽器上訪問。
2）點(diǎn)擊上圖的那個(gè)打了×的鎖查看證書。
3）選擇復(fù)制到文件進(jìn)行導(dǎo)出，我們把它導(dǎo)入到j(luò)ava項(xiàng)目所使用的jre的lib文件下的security文件夾中去，我的是這個(gè)路徑。D:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jre8\lib\security
注：中間需要選導(dǎo)出格式，就選默認(rèn)的就行，還需要命名，我命名的是12306.
2.打開cmd,進(jìn)入到j(luò)ava項(xiàng)目所使用的jre的lib文件下的security目錄。
3.在命令行輸入 Keytool -import -alias 12306 -file 12306.cer -keystore cacerts
4.回車后會(huì)讓輸入口令，一般默認(rèn)是changeit,輸入時(shí)不顯示，輸入完直接按回車，會(huì)讓確認(rèn)是否信任該證書，輸入y，就會(huì)提示導(dǎo)入成功。
5.導(dǎo)入成功后就能像請(qǐng)求http一樣請(qǐng)求https了。
測(cè)試：
[java] view plain copy
public static void main(String[] args){
String s=httpRequest("","GET",null);
System.out.println(s);
}
結(jié)果：
現(xiàn)在就可以用http的方法請(qǐng)求https了。
注：有時(shí)候這一步還是會(huì)出錯(cuò)，那可能是jre的版本不對(duì)，我們右鍵run as——run configurations,選擇證書所在的jre之后再運(yùn)行。
求解java怎樣發(fā)送https請(qǐng)求
使用httpClient可以發(fā)送，具體的可以參考下面的代碼
SSLClient類，繼承至HttpClient
import?java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import?java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import?javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import?javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import?javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import?org.apache.http.conn.ClientConnectionManager;
import?org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme;
import?org.apache.http.conn.scheme.SchemeRegistry;
import?org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import?org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
//用于進(jìn)行Https請(qǐng)求的HttpClient
public?class?SSLClient?extends?DefaultHttpClient{
public?SSLClient()?throws?Exception{
super();
SSLContext?ctx?=?SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
X509TrustManager?tm?=?new?X509TrustManager()?{
@Override
public?void?checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[]?chain,
String?authType)?throws?CertificateException?{
}
@Override
public?void?checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[]?chain,
String?authType)?throws?CertificateException?{
}
@Override
public?X509Certificate[]?getAcceptedIssuers()?{
return?null;
}
};
ctx.init(null,?new?TrustManager[]{tm},?null);
SSLSocketFactory?ssf?=?new?SSLSocketFactory(ctx,SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
ClientConnectionManager?ccm?=?this.getConnectionManager();
SchemeRegistry?sr?=?ccm.getSchemeRegistry();
sr.register(new?Scheme("https",?443,?ssf));
}
}
HttpClient發(fā)送post請(qǐng)求的類
import?java.util.ArrayList;
import?java.util.Iterator;
import?java.util.List;
import?java.util.Map;
import?java.util.Map.Entry;
import?org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import?org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import?org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import?org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import?org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import?org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import?org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import?org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
/*
*?利用HttpClient進(jìn)行post請(qǐng)求的工具類
*/
public?class?HttpClientUtil?{
public?String?doPost(String?url,MapString,String?map,String?charset){
HttpClient?httpClient?=?null;
HttpPost?httpPost?=?null;
String?result?=?null;
try{
httpClient?=?new?SSLClient();
httpPost?=?new?HttpPost(url);
//設(shè)置參數(shù)
ListNameValuePair?list?=?new?ArrayListNameValuePair();
Iterator?iterator?=?map.entrySet().iterator();
while(iterator.hasNext()){
EntryString,String?elem?=?(EntryString,?String)?iterator.next();
list.add(new?BasicNameValuePair(elem.getKey(),elem.getValue()));
}
if(list.size()??0){
UrlEncodedFormEntity?entity?=?new?UrlEncodedFormEntity(list,charset);
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
}
HttpResponse?response?=?httpClient.execute(httpPost);
if(response?!=?null){
HttpEntity?resEntity?=?response.getEntity();
if(resEntity?!=?null){
result?=?EntityUtils.toString(resEntity,charset);
}
}
}catch(Exception?ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return?result;
}
}
測(cè)試代碼
import?java.util.HashMap;
import?java.util.Map;
//對(duì)接口進(jìn)行測(cè)試
public?class?TestMain?{
private?String?url?=?"";
private?String?charset?=?"utf-8";
private?HttpClientUtil?httpClientUtil?=?null;
public?TestMain(){
httpClientUtil?=?new?HttpClientUtil();
}
public?void?test(){
String?httpOrgCreateTest?=?url?+?"httpOrg/create";
MapString,String?createMap?=?new?HashMapString,String();
createMap.put("authuser","*****");
createMap.put("authpass","*****");
createMap.put("orgkey","****");
createMap.put("orgname","****");
String?httpOrgCreateTestRtn?=?httpClientUtil.doPost(httpOrgCreateTest,createMap,charset);
System.out.println("result:"+httpOrgCreateTestRtn);
}
public?static?void?main(String[]?args){
TestMain?main?=?new?TestMain();
main.test();
}
}
JAVA怎樣調(diào)用https類型的webservice
第一步按照Axis生成本地訪問客戶端，完成正常的webservice調(diào)用的開發(fā)，這里的細(xì)節(jié)我就不再描述，重點(diǎn)說明和http不同的地方-證書的生成和使用。這里假設(shè)需要訪問的網(wǎng)址是 ，那么就需要生成網(wǎng)址的安全證書設(shè)置到系統(tǒng)屬性中，并且需要在調(diào)用代碼前。
第二步
第二步就是介紹怎樣生成證書，先寫一個(gè)InstallCert.java類放到自己電腦的D盤根目錄下，（注意這個(gè)類是沒有包名的）類中代碼如下：
/**
*
*/
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
public class InstallCert {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String host;
int port;
char[] passphrase;
if ((args.length == 1) || (args.length == 2)) {
String[] c = args[0].split(":");
host = c[0];
port = (c.length == 1) ? 443 : Integer.parseInt(c[1]);
String p = (args.length == 1) ? "changeit" : args[1];
passphrase = p.toCharArray();
} else {
System.out
.println("Usage: java InstallCert host[:port] [passphrase]");
return;
}
File file = new File("jssecacerts");
if (file.isFile() == false) {
char SEP = File.separatorChar;
File dir = new File(System.getProperty("java.home") + SEP + "lib"
+ SEP + "security");
file = new File(dir, "jssecacerts");
if (file.isFile() == false) {
file = new File(dir, "cacerts");
}
}
System.out.println("Loading KeyStore " + file + "...");
InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);
KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
ks.load(in, passphrase);
in.close();
SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory
.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
tmf.init(ks);
X509TrustManager defaultTrustManager = (X509TrustManager) tmf
.getTrustManagers()[0];
SavingTrustManager tm = new SavingTrustManager(defaultTrustManager);
context.init(null, new TrustManager[] { tm }, null);
SSLSocketFactory factory = context.getSocketFactory();
System.out
.println("Opening connection to " + host + ":" + port + "...");
SSLSocket socket = (SSLSocket) factory.createSocket(host, port);
socket.setSoTimeout(10000);
try {
System.out.println("Starting SSL handshake...");
socket.startHandshake();
socket.close();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("No errors, certificate is already trusted");
} catch (SSLException e) {
System.out.println();
e.printStackTrace(System.out);
}
X509Certificate[] chain = tm.chain;
if (chain == null) {
System.out.println("Could not obtain server certificate chain");
return;
}
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
System.in));
System.out.println();
System.out.println("Server sent " + chain.length + " certificate(s):");
System.out.println();
MessageDigest sha1 = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");
MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
for (int i = 0; i chain.length; i++) {
X509Certificate cert = chain[i];
System.out.println(" " + (i + 1) + " Subject "
+ cert.getSubjectDN());
System.out.println(" Issuer " + cert.getIssuerDN());
sha1.update(cert.getEncoded());
System.out.println(" sha1 " + toHexString(sha1.digest()));
md5.update(cert.getEncoded());
System.out.println(" md5 " + toHexString(md5.digest()));
System.out.println();
}
System.out
.println("Enter certificate to add to trusted keystore or 'q' to quit: [1]");
String line = reader.readLine().trim();
int k;
try {
k = (line.length() == 0) ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(line) - 1;
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
System.out.println("KeyStore not changed");
return;
}
X509Certificate cert = chain[k];
String alias = host + "-" + (k + 1);
ks.setCertificateEntry(alias, cert);
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("jssecacerts");
ks.store(out, passphrase);
out.close();
System.out.println();
System.out.println(cert);
System.out.println();
System.out
.println("Added certificate to keystore 'jssecacerts' using alias '"
+ alias + "'");
}
private static final char[] HEXDIGITS = "0123456789abcdef".toCharArray();
private static String toHexString(byte[] bytes) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(bytes.length * 3);
for (int b : bytes) {
b = 0xff;
sb.append(HEXDIGITS[b 4]);
sb.append(HEXDIGITS[b 15]);
sb.append(' ');
}
return sb.toString();
}
private static class SavingTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
private final X509TrustManager tm;
private X509Certificate[] chain;
SavingTrustManager(X509TrustManager tm) {
this.tm = tm;
}
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
throws CertificateException {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
throws CertificateException {
this.chain = chain;
tm.checkServerTrusted(chain, authType);
}
}
}
第三
將上面的InstallCert.java編譯成InstallCert.class文件放到自己電腦的D盤根目錄下。這是正常的情況下D盤根目錄下會(huì)有3個(gè)文件
第四
打開cmd進(jìn)入到d盤開始執(zhí)行生成證書命令，我這里不便于那我的網(wǎng)址測(cè)試我用支付寶的網(wǎng)址來測(cè)試的
當(dāng)出現(xiàn)了：Enter certificate to add to trusted keystore or 'q' to quit: [1]
這行代碼時(shí)，輸入1，回車。正常執(zhí)行完后在D盤根目錄下就會(huì)出現(xiàn)證書“jssecacerts”文件
得到證書后將證書拷貝到$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/security目錄下，我這里是win7系統(tǒng)，在嘗試的過程中需要將證書重命名為：cacerts 放進(jìn)去才會(huì)有用。
去年在ITjob劉老師那邊聽他說過，你試試看行不行。
網(wǎng)站題目：包含java代碼https的詞條
分享網(wǎng)址：http://ef60e0e.cn/article/doshjhe.html
