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Nginx服務(wù)——rewrite模塊應(yīng)用實(shí)戰(zhàn)
Demo 1：基于域名的跳轉(zhuǎn)
? 應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景：原域名即將不可用，現(xiàn)用新的域名代替
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? 理論結(jié)果：輸入舊域名，自動(dòng)跳轉(zhuǎn)到新域名，且其它參數(shù)不變
DNS方向
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm //yum庫(kù)升級(jí)
獲取http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
警告：/var/tmp/rpm-tmp.zvmFF2: 頭V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, 密鑰 ID 7bd9bf62: NOKEY
準(zhǔn)備中... ################################# [100%]
正在升級(jí)/安裝...
1:nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx ################################# [100%]
[root@localhost ~]# yum install nginx -y #安裝nginx服務(wù)
[root@localhost ~]# yum install bind -y
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.conf
###按照下面進(jìn)行修改
options {
listen-on port 53 { any; }; #監(jiān)聽(tīng)所有的53端口
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
recursing-file "/var/named/data/named.recursing";
secroots-file "/var/named/data/named.secroots";
allow-query { any; }; #允許所有通過(guò)
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
####添加如下
zone "test.com" IN {
type master;
file "named.test";
};
[root@localhost ~]# cp -p /var/named/named.localhost /var/named/named.test
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/named/named.test
#####按照下面進(jìn)行修改
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS @
A 127.0.0.1
www IN A 192.168.142.128
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start named
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0Nginx方向
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
####按下面進(jìn)行更改
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.test.com; #指定域名
charset utf-8; #指定字符集
access_log /var/log/nginx/test.com-access.log main; #指定access日志文件位置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nginx
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -atnp | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4028/nginx: master此時(shí)，能夠?qū)υ蛎M(jìn)行正常的訪(fǎng)問(wèn)
為了滿(mǎn)足實(shí)驗(yàn)要求，現(xiàn)對(duì)新域名添加dns區(qū)域
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
location / {
####在location后面添加下面兩行
if ($host = 'www.test.com') {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.yun.com/$1 permanent;
}
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
###為新域名增添新的dns區(qū)域
zone "yun.com" IN {
type master;
file "named.yun";
};
[root@localhost ~]# cp -p /var/named/named.test /var/named/named.yun
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart named
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx實(shí)驗(yàn)成功，成功從舊域名自動(dòng)跳轉(zhuǎn)到新域名
Demo 2：基于客戶(hù)端IP跳轉(zhuǎn)
? 應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景：網(wǎng)站維護(hù)時(shí)僅有個(gè)別用戶(hù)能夠正常進(jìn)行訪(fǎng)問(wèn)，其余用戶(hù)僅能訪(fǎng)問(wèn)維護(hù)頁(yè)面
? 理論結(jié)果：一臺(tái)客戶(hù)機(jī)進(jìn)行訪(fǎng)問(wèn)時(shí)自動(dòng)進(jìn)行IP比對(duì)，按表進(jìn)行分類(lèi)
DNS方向
? 同Demo 1，不用進(jìn)行改變。
Nginx方向
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
####按下面進(jìn)行添加
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
set $ip true; #設(shè)定變量為true
if ($remote_addr = "192.168.142.129") { #匹配IP地址為“192.168.142.129”時(shí)
set $ip false; #變量變更為false
}
if ($ip = true) { #匹配變量為true時(shí)
rewrite ^/(.*)$ /weihu.html; #跳轉(zhuǎn)網(wǎng)頁(yè)到維護(hù)頁(yè)面
}
location = /weihu.html { #匹配到維護(hù)頁(yè)面時(shí)
root /usr/share/nginx/html; #指定網(wǎng)頁(yè)站點(diǎn)
}
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx此時(shí)，根據(jù)不同的ip地址，將會(huì)瀏覽到不同的頁(yè)面（正常頁(yè)面/維護(hù)頁(yè)面）
Demo 3：基于舊、新域名跳轉(zhuǎn)并添加目錄
? 應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景：將域名http://bbs.test.com下面的發(fā)帖都跳轉(zhuǎn)到 http://www.test.com/bbs,且域名跳轉(zhuǎn)后保持參數(shù) 不變
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
###按照下面進(jìn)行修改，在location段下面添加
location /new {
# if ($request_uri ~* ^/new) {
rewrite /?(.*) http://www.test.com/bbs/$1 permanent;
}
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx.jpg)
Demo 4：基于參數(shù)匹配跳轉(zhuǎn)到指定頁(yè)面
? 應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景：用戶(hù)在輸入域名后，誤輸入了全為數(shù)字的錯(cuò)誤頁(yè)面，應(yīng)用后將自動(dòng)跳轉(zhuǎn)回指定頁(yè)面
? 理論結(jié)果：基于正則表達(dá)式的選擇
DNS方向
? 同上面所有，無(wú)需進(jìn)行更改
Nginx方向
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
###按照下面進(jìn)行修改，在location段下面添加
if ($request_uri ~* ^/(\d*).html$) { #匹配以所有數(shù)字結(jié)尾的html文件
rewrite (.*) http://www.test.com permanent; #匹配零字或多字跳轉(zhuǎn)到網(wǎng)站主頁(yè)
}
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx此時(shí)，在域名后添加一段數(shù)字組成的html網(wǎng)頁(yè)將自動(dòng)跳轉(zhuǎn)回主頁(yè)。例：http://www.test.com/123456.html→http://www.test.com/
.jpg)
Demo 5：基于PHP文件、具體頁(yè)面跳轉(zhuǎn)回首頁(yè)
基于PHP文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
###按照下面進(jìn)行修改
##location段后添加
location ~* /upload/(.+)\.php$ { #基于全部php文件
rewrite (.*) http://www.test.com permanent;
}
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx沒(méi)啥可說(shuō)的，以php的文件均會(huì)自動(dòng)跳轉(zhuǎn)回首頁(yè)
.jpg)
基于具體html頁(yè)面
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
###按照下面進(jìn)行修改
##location段后添加
location ~* /test.html$ { #基于具體的html網(wǎng)頁(yè)
rewrite (.*) http://www.test.com permanent;
}
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx同上，訪(fǎng)問(wèn)某個(gè)具體網(wǎng)頁(yè)文件就會(huì)跳轉(zhuǎn)回首頁(yè)
基于任意的html頁(yè)面
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
###按照下面進(jìn)行修改
##location /后面添加
if ($request_uri ~* ^/new/(.+)\.html$) { #匹配到任意html頁(yè)面
rewrite (.*) http://www.test.com permanent; #跳轉(zhuǎn)到首頁(yè)
}
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx此時(shí)，訪(fǎng)問(wèn)任意的html格式的網(wǎng)頁(yè)將自動(dòng)跳轉(zhuǎn)到首頁(yè)
感謝閱讀！！
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